Similar to the employment trends, both total household and individual income increased considerably for all participants, but the increase was larger for control participants. Although both individual and household income were lower for recipients at the end of the program without the transfer, recipients’ average individual income was roughly $10,000 higher and average household income was roughly $6,100 higher for recipients than control participants including the transfer amounts. The visualization below shows annual household income over time with and without the transfer amounts. 

Bar graph comparing recipient and control household yearly income over time. At enrollment, both groups' average income is equal. In years 2 and 3, recipient income is higher, although this is fully due to $12,000 from the cash transfer. Without that, recipients' average income would be lower than control.